- stanza 86-87 of Lama Chopa prayer is the context of the teaching: “Please bless me to fear the searing blaze of suffering in the lower realms. Take heartfelt refuge in the three precious Gems, and enthusiastically practice avoiding negative actions and accumulating virtue …”
- the importance of understanding suffering in lower realms according to Buddhist teachings.
- the significance of virtuous behaviour in determining one’s future rebirth and the consequences of non-virtuous actions.
- the six realms of existence and how one’s behaviour influences which realm they will be reborn into.
- understanding the law of karma and cause and effect in degenerate times, why beings experience life’s good and bad results
- the suffering experienced in hell realms, the eight levels of hot and cold hells, and how these realms are manifestations of one’s own negative karma.
- taking refuge in the three jewels, and how it means becoming our own refuge
- Buddha – when we attain enlightenment
- Dharma – our mind realizing emptiness
- Sangha – our form, one who practices dharma upon enlightenment
- in addition to refuge, the need to purify negative karma, accumulate virtue, and overcome laziness in spiritual practice


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